PS Meaning: How to Use "Postscript" Correctly in Text

Understanding the meaning and proper usage of “PS” (Postscript) is crucial for effective written communication. This small but significant abbreviation holds a unique place in both formal and informal writing, allowing writers to add afterthoughts, clarifications, or additional information after the main body of a text. Mastering its use can significantly enhance the clarity and impact of your messages. This article will delve into the nuances of “PS,” exploring its definition, structure, various applications, common mistakes, and advanced techniques. Whether you are a student, a professional, or simply someone who wants to improve their writing skills, this guide will equip you with the knowledge to use “PS” confidently and accurately.

Introduction
Definition of PS
Structural Breakdown of a Postscript
Types of Postscripts
Examples of PS Usage
Usage Rules for PS
Common Mistakes When Using PS
Practice Exercises
Advanced Topics
Frequently Asked Questions
Conclusion

Definition of PS

The abbreviation “PS” stands for Postscript, a term derived from the Latin “post scriptum,” meaning “written after.” It is an addition to a letter or other document, written after the main body has been completed and signed. Its primary function is to include information that was forgotten or occurred to the writer after the main text was finished.

Etymology and Historical Context

The use of postscripts dates back to a time when writing was a more laborious process. Before the advent of typewriters and computers, writing was done by hand, making revisions cumbersome. If a writer forgot to include something important or had a new thought after finishing the main text, adding a postscript was much easier than rewriting the entire document. This historical context explains why “PS” became a standard convention in written communication.

Function of PS in Writing

The primary function of a postscript is to add information that supplements the main text. This can include forgotten details, additional thoughts, or even a change in plans. In addition to adding information, a “PS” can also be used to emphasize a particular point, add a personal touch, or inject humor. It serves as a versatile tool to enhance the writer’s message and engage the reader.

Contexts for Using PS

“PS” can be used in a variety of contexts, both formal and informal. In formal letters, it is often used to add a professional but personal touch. In informal letters and emails, it can be used more freely to add anecdotes, jokes, or important reminders. Furthermore, “PS” is sometimes employed in marketing and advertising to draw attention to a specific offer or call to action.

Structural Breakdown of a Postscript

Understanding the structural components of a postscript is essential for using it effectively. The structure typically includes the “PS” notation, an optional colon, and the content of the postscript itself.

The “PS” Notation

The postscript always begins with the abbreviation “PS,” usually written in uppercase letters. While lowercase “ps” is sometimes used, especially in informal contexts, uppercase is the more standard and widely accepted form. The “PS” serves as a clear signal to the reader that what follows is an addition to the main text.

Optional Colon After “PS”

The use of a colon after “PS” is optional. Some writers prefer to include a colon (PS:) to introduce the postscript, while others omit it (PS). Both forms are acceptable, though consistency within a single document is recommended. The colon provides a slight pause and visual separation between the “PS” notation and the content of the postscript.

Content and Length of the Postscript

The content of the postscript should be concise and relevant to the main text. While there is no strict length limit, it is generally best to keep the postscript brief and to the point. A long, rambling postscript can detract from the overall message and confuse the reader. The content should be clearly written and easy to understand.

Types of Postscripts

Postscripts can serve various purposes, depending on the context and the writer’s intent. Here are some common types of postscripts:

Adding Additional Information

This is the most common type of postscript. It is used to include information that was forgotten or became relevant after the main text was written. This could be a reminder, a clarification, or an update.

Emphasizing Key Points

A postscript can be used to reiterate or emphasize a key point from the main text. This can be particularly effective in persuasive writing or when the writer wants to ensure that the reader remembers a specific detail.

Adding a Personal Note

In personal letters, a postscript can be used to add a personal touch, such as a greeting, a compliment, or a brief anecdote. This can help to strengthen the connection between the writer and the reader.

Injecting Humor

A postscript can be used to inject humor into a letter or email. This can be a lighthearted joke, a witty observation, or a humorous anecdote. However, it is important to ensure that the humor is appropriate for the context and the audience.

Offering an Apology

Although less common, a postscript can be used to offer a brief apology for an oversight or mistake in the main text. This can be a simple and effective way to show remorse and maintain goodwill.

Examples of PS Usage

To illustrate the various ways that “PS” can be used, here are several examples categorized by context:

Formal Examples

These examples demonstrate the use of “PS” in formal letters or documents, where a professional but personal touch is desired.

The following table shows formal examples of PS usage:

Example	Explanation
PS: I have attached a copy of my resume for your convenience.	Adding a helpful attachment reminder.
PS: Please feel free to contact me with any further questions.	Reiterating availability for follow-up.
PS: I look forward to the opportunity to discuss this further.	Expressing enthusiasm for future discussion.
PS: Thank you again for your time and consideration.	Adding an extra note of gratitude.
PS: The deadline for applications has been extended to July 15th.	Providing an important update.
PS: I am available for a call next week to discuss the project in more detail.	Offering a specific time for further discussion.
PS: Enclosed you will find a brochure with more information about our services.	Highlighting an enclosed document.
PS: We are offering a special discount for new clients this month.	Mentioning a promotional offer.
PS: Don’t forget to RSVP by Friday!	Adding a reminder about an RSVP.
PS: I highly recommend reading the attached report before our meeting.	Suggesting preparatory reading.
PS: Please note that our office will be closed on Monday for the holiday.	Informing about office closure.
PS: I’ve included a link to my LinkedIn profile for your reference.	Sharing a professional link.
PS: We have recently updated our privacy policy; you can find it on our website.	Notifying about policy updates.
PS: Our next webinar on this topic will be held on August 10th.	Announcing a future event.
PS: This offer is valid for a limited time only, so act fast!	Creating a sense of urgency.
PS: We are excited about the potential for collaboration on this project.	Expressing enthusiasm for partnership.
PS: If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact our support team.	Offering assistance.
PS: We value your feedback and are always looking for ways to improve our services.	Soliciting feedback.
PS: Remember to check out our new product line launching next week!	Promoting a new product.
PS: I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.	Concluding with anticipation.

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Informal Examples

These examples showcase the use of “PS” in informal letters, emails, or notes, where a more relaxed and personal tone is appropriate.

The table below shows informal examples of PS usage:

Example	Explanation
PS: Don’t forget to bring your swimsuit!	Adding a casual reminder.
PS: I can’t wait to see you on Saturday!	Expressing excitement.
PS: Tell your mom I said hi!	Adding a personal greeting.
PS: I finally finished that book I was telling you about!	Sharing a personal update.
PS: Sorry for the typos – I was in a rush!	Offering a casual apology.
PS: I found that recipe you were looking for! I’ll send it over.	Sharing a helpful resource.
PS: Remember that funny story from last summer? Still makes me laugh!	Recalling a shared memory.
PS: Let’s plan another hiking trip soon!	Suggesting a future activity.
PS: I’m thinking of getting a pet cat. What do you think?	Seeking an opinion.
PS: I saw your favorite band is playing next month!	Sharing relevant news.
PS: I’m trying out a new restaurant tonight. Wish me luck!	Sharing an anticipation of an event.
PS: Hope you’re having a great week!	Sending well wishes.
PS: I’m still working on that project we talked about.	Providing a progress update.
PS: I’m so excited for your birthday party!	Expressing excitement for an event.
PS: Just finished watching a great movie – you should check it out!	Offering a recommendation.
PS: I’m thinking of redecorating my living room. Any ideas?	Seeking creative input.
PS: I’m trying to learn a new language. It’s harder than I thought!	Sharing a personal challenge.
PS: I’m going to try that new recipe you gave me.	Referencing a shared item.
PS: I’m so glad we reconnected!	Expressing appreciation for re-establishing contact.
PS: I’m planning a surprise party for Sarah. Keep it a secret!	Sharing a secret and requesting discretion.

Business Communication Examples

These examples demonstrate the use of “PS” in business correspondence, where it can be used to highlight a key point or add a personal touch while maintaining professionalism.

The following table shows business communication examples:

Example	Explanation
PS: Don’t forget to register for our upcoming webinar!	Adding a reminder for a business event.
PS: We are offering a free consultation for new clients.	Highlighting an offer.
PS: Check out our new blog post on the latest industry trends.	Promoting content.
PS: We value your business and appreciate your continued support.	Expressing gratitude.
PS: Our customer service team is available 24/7 to assist you.	Providing customer support information.
PS: We recently updated our website with new resources for our clients.	Sharing information about website updates.
PS: Our new product line will be available starting next month.	Announcing a new product launch.
PS: We are committed to providing the best service possible.	Reiterating commitment to customer satisfaction.
PS: Our company is dedicated to innovation and excellence.	Emphasizing company values.
PS: We are excited about the opportunities that lie ahead.	Expressing optimism about future prospects.
PS: We are always looking for talented individuals to join our team.	Promoting career opportunities.
PS: Our company is dedicated to sustainability and environmental responsibility.	Highlighting environmental commitment.
PS: We are proud to support local community initiatives.	Showcasing community involvement.
PS: Our mission is to empower our clients to achieve their goals.	Defining company mission.
PS: We are committed to providing innovative solutions to complex challenges.	Emphasizing problem-solving capabilities.
PS: Our success is built on strong client relationships and exceptional service.	Highlighting client relationships.
PS: We are dedicated to fostering a culture of collaboration and teamwork.	Promoting internal company culture.
PS: Our company is committed to diversity and inclusion.	Highlighting diversity and inclusion efforts.
PS: We are always striving to exceed our clients’ expectations.	Reiterating commitment to excellence.
PS: We have a new office opening in Chicago next month.	Announcing company expansion.

Email Examples

These examples illustrate the use of “PS” in email communication, where it can be used to add a quick note or reminder.

The following table shows examples of PS usage in emails:

Example	Explanation
PS: I’ve attached the presentation slides for your reference.	Adding a reminder about an attachment.
PS: Let me know if you have any questions after reviewing the documents.	Offering support.
PS: Don’t forget to RSVP by the end of the week.	Adding a reminder.
PS: I’m looking forward to our meeting next Tuesday.	Expressing anticipation.
PS: I hope you have a great weekend!	Sending well wishes.
PS: I’m available for a quick call tomorrow afternoon if you need to discuss this further.	Providing availability for a phone call.
PS: Let me know if there’s anything else I can help you with.	Offering additional assistance.
PS: I’ve also included a link to our company’s training resources.	Providing a helpful link.
PS: Don’t forget to submit your expense reports by Friday.	Adding a deadline reminder.
PS: I’m available to meet in person next week if you prefer.	Offering an in-person meeting.
PS: Let me know your thoughts on the proposed changes.	Requesting feedback.
PS: I’m happy to schedule a follow-up meeting to discuss any concerns.	Offering a follow-up meeting.
PS: Don’t hesitate to reach out if you need any clarification.	Offering clarification.
PS: I’ll be out of the office next week, but I’ll have limited email access.	Providing availability information.
PS: I’ve copied my assistant on this email for any urgent matters.	Informing about an alternate contact.
PS: Let me know if you would like to schedule a demo of our new product.	Offering a product demo.
PS: I’m always happy to discuss new opportunities and collaborations.	Expressing openness to new opportunities.
PS: Don’t forget to submit your project proposals by the end of the month.	Adding a project deadline reminder.
PS: I’m looking forward to working with you on this project.	Expressing enthusiasm for collaboration.
PS: Let me know if you have any questions about the project timeline.	Offering timeline related assistance.

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Letter Examples

These examples show how “PS” can be used in traditional letter writing to add a personal touch or emphasize a key point.

Here’s a table showing examples of PS usage in letter writing:

Example	Explanation
PS: I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.	Expressing anticipation for a response.
PS: Don’t forget to send me the photos from your trip!	Adding a reminder.
PS: I hope you and your family are doing well.	Sending well wishes.
PS: I can’t wait to catch up when we next see each other.	Expressing anticipation for future interaction.
PS: Let me know if you need anything at all.	Offering support.
PS: I’m planning a visit next month, so I’ll give you a call to confirm.	Mentioning future plans.
PS: Remember to send me your new address when you move.	Adding a reminder about address update.
PS: I was just thinking about that time we went to the beach together.	Sharing a memory.
PS: I hope the weather is treating you well.	Sending weather-related wishes.
PS: Let’s plan a weekend getaway sometime soon.	Suggesting a future activity.
PS: I found that book you were looking for. I’ll bring it with me when I visit.	Offering a helpful item.
PS: I’m so excited to hear about your new job!	Expressing excitement for good news.
PS: Let me know if you need a ride to the airport.	Offering assistance with transportation.
PS: I’m planning a surprise party for John, so please keep it a secret!	Sharing a secret and requesting discretion.
PS: I’m trying a new recipe this weekend, I’ll let you know how it turns out.	Sharing a personal endeavor.
PS: Let’s try to schedule a video call next week.	Suggesting a video call.
PS: I’m thinking of taking a pottery class. Have you ever tried it?	Seeking personal experience.
PS: Let me know if you’ve made any progress on that project we discussed.	Requesting a project update.
PS: I’m so grateful for your friendship and support.	Expressing gratitude.
PS: Let’s make sure to stay in touch more often.	Encouraging continued communication.

Usage Rules for PS

To use “PS” effectively, it is important to follow certain rules and guidelines.

Placement in a Document

The “PS” should always be placed at the end of the document, after the signature. It is the last item in the letter or email, signaling that it is an afterthought.

Punctuation Rules

As mentioned earlier, the colon after “PS” is optional. However, consistency is key. Choose whether to use a colon or not and stick to that choice throughout the document. The content of the postscript should be punctuated as any other sentence or paragraph.

Using Multiple Postscripts (PPS, PPPS, etc.)

While it is generally best to avoid using multiple postscripts, it is sometimes necessary. In such cases, use “PPS” (Post Postscript), “PPPS” (Post Post Postscript), and so on. However, overuse of multiple postscripts can be confusing and should be avoided.

Appropriate Tone

The tone of the postscript should be consistent with the overall tone of the document. In formal letters, the tone should be professional. In informal letters, a more relaxed and personal tone is appropriate. Avoid using a tone that is jarring or out of place.

When to Avoid Using PS

In some cases, it is best to avoid using “PS” altogether. If the information is crucial to the main text, it should be integrated into the body of the document rather than relegated to a postscript. Additionally, in very formal or official documents, the use of “PS” may be considered inappropriate.

Common Mistakes When Using PS

Several common mistakes can undermine the effectiveness of a postscript. Being aware of these pitfalls can help you avoid them.

Using PS Unnecessarily

Using “PS” when the information could easily be included in the main body of the text is a common mistake. Avoid using “PS” simply as an afterthought for trivial details.

Including Crucial Information Only in the PS

Placing essential information solely in the postscript can be problematic, as some readers may overlook it. Critical details should always be included in the primary text.

Inconsistent Tone

A postscript with a tone that clashes with the rest of the document can be jarring. Maintain a consistent tone throughout the entire communication.

Overuse of PS

Overusing postscripts, especially multiple ones (PPS, PPPS, etc.), can make your writing seem disorganized and unprofessional. Limit yourself to a single, concise postscript if necessary.

Practice Exercises

To reinforce your understanding of “PS” usage, here are some practice exercises:

Exercise 1: Identifying Correct PS Usage

Identify whether the following examples of “PS” usage are correct or incorrect. Explain why.

Here’s a table for the exercise:

Example	Correct/Incorrect	Explanation
PS: Don’t forget to bring your swimsuit!
The main point is that we need to increase sales. PS: Also, reduce costs.
PS: I’m sorry for the mistake.
PS: See attached file. This is very important!
Please RSVP by Friday. PS: Thanks!
PS: I’ve attached the document.
I need your help. PS: Can you call me?
PS: I can’t wait to see you.
PS: Please confirm receipt of this email.
PS: Hope you’re doing well.

Answer Key:

Example	Correct/Incorrect	Explanation
PS: Don’t forget to bring your swimsuit!	Correct	Appropriate reminder in an informal context.
The main point is that we need to increase sales. PS: Also, reduce costs.	Incorrect	“Reduce costs” should be integrated into the main point.
PS: I’m sorry for the mistake.	Correct	Offering a brief apology is acceptable.
PS: See attached file. This is very important!	Correct	Reminder about an important attachment.
Please RSVP by Friday. PS: Thanks!	Correct	Adding a brief expression of thanks.
PS: I’ve attached the document.	Correct	Providing a reminder about an attachment.
I need your help. PS: Can you call me?	Incorrect	Request should be in the main body.
PS: I can’t wait to see you.	Correct	Expressing excitement is acceptable.
PS: Please confirm receipt of this email.	Correct	Requesting confirmation is acceptable.
PS: Hope you’re doing well.	Correct	Sending well wishes is acceptable.

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Exercise 2: Writing Effective Postscripts

Write a “PS” for each of the following scenarios:

A formal business letter requesting a meeting.
An informal email inviting a friend to a party.
A thank-you note for a gift.
A letter of apology for missing an appointment.
An email confirming a job interview.
An email to a team member asking for project updates
A letter to a customer regarding a service issue
An email to a vendor requesting a quote.
A letter to a landlord requesting repairs.
A note to a neighbor asking for a favor.

Suggested Answers:

PS: I am available to meet any day next week.
PS: Don’t forget to bring your favorite snacks!
PS: I can’t wait to use it!
PS: I hope to reschedule soon.
PS: Please bring a copy of your resume.
PS: Please send it before EOD Friday.
PS: We are committed to resolving this promptly.
PS: Please include a detailed breakdown of costs.
PS: Please address this issue as soon as possible.
PS: I would greatly appreciate your help.

Exercise 3: Correcting Incorrect PS Usage

Rewrite the following sentences to correct the incorrect use of “PS”:

The deadline is tomorrow. PS: It’s very important!
PS: Call me back as soon as possible. I need your help!
I’m running late. PS: I’ll be there in 10 minutes.
PS: I forgot to mention, I’m bringing a guest.
PS: Please confirm you received this email.
PS: I’m so sorry for the delay.
PS: I have attached a document.
PS: Don’t forget to bring your ID.
PS: Hope you’re having a great day.
PS: Let me know if you need me.

Corrected Sentences:

The deadline is tomorrow, and it’s very important!
I need your help! Please call me back as soon as possible.
I’m running late and will be there in 10 minutes.
I forgot to mention that I’m bringing a guest.
Please confirm you received this email.
I’m so sorry for the delay.
I have attached a document.
Don’t forget to bring your ID.
Hope you’re having a great day.
Let me know if you need me.

Advanced Topics

For advanced learners, here are some more complex aspects of “PS” usage:

PS as a Literary Device

In literature, the “PS” can be used as a literary device to reveal character, create suspense, or add a twist to the narrative. It can provide insights into a character’s thoughts or motivations that are not explicitly stated in the main text.

PS in Creative Writing

Creative
writing can greatly benefit from the strategic use of “PS.” Authors can use it to add depth to their characters, provide unexpected plot twists, or create a more intimate connection with the reader. It allows for a final, often impactful, message that resonates with the themes of the story.

Modern Usage in Digital Communication

In today’s digital age, while formal letters are less common, the concept of the “PS” persists in emails and other forms of digital communication. It serves the same purpose: to add an afterthought or highlight a particular point. However, its usage might be considered less formal and more flexible in digital contexts.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some frequently asked questions about the usage of “PS”:

Is it okay to use “PS” in a professional email?

Yes, it is generally acceptable to use “PS” in a professional email, especially to add a quick reminder or emphasize a key point. However, avoid using it for crucial information that should be in the main body of the email.

Should I use a colon after “PS”?

The use of a colon after “PS” is optional. Choose a style and maintain consistency throughout the document.

Is it appropriate to use multiple postscripts (PPS, PPPS, etc.)?

While technically possible, it is generally best to avoid using multiple postscripts. Overuse can make your writing seem disorganized and unprofessional.

Can I use “PS” to add humor to a formal letter?

It is generally not advisable to use “PS” to add humor to a formal letter, as it may be considered inappropriate. However, in less formal business communications, a touch of humor may be acceptable if it aligns with the overall tone and context.

What is the best way to format a “PS” in an email?

In an email, the “PS” should be placed after your signature and any other closing remarks. You can use a colon after “PS” if you prefer, and the content of the postscript should be clear and concise.

Is it better to edit the main text rather than use a “PS”?

In many cases, yes. If you realize you’ve omitted important information, it’s often better to edit the main text to include it seamlessly. “PS” is best reserved for true afterthoughts or minor additions.

Can “PS” be used in academic writing?

Generally, no. “PS” is not appropriate for academic writing. All information should be integrated into the main text in a structured and coherent manner.

Is it rude to use “PS” in a formal letter?

Not necessarily. While it can seem informal, a well-placed “PS” can add a personal touch without being rude. Ensure the tone and content are appropriate for the context.

What if I have more than one afterthought?

Prioritize and choose the most important afterthought to include in a single “PS”. If the other points are crucial, consider revising the main body of the text.

Does the “PS” have to be related to the main topic of the letter?

Ideally, yes. While it’s an afterthought, the “PS” should still be relevant to the overall communication. Avoid adding completely unrelated information.

Conclusion

The “PS” or Postscript, though seemingly simple, is a versatile tool in written communication. Understanding its definition, structure, and appropriate usage can significantly enhance the clarity and impact of your messages. By following the guidelines and avoiding common mistakes outlined in this article, you can confidently and effectively use “PS” in both formal and informal contexts. Whether you’re adding a personal touch to a business letter or injecting humor into an email, mastering the art of the postscript will undoubtedly improve your writing skills.

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